Tadeusz pankiewicz biography for kids
Tadeusz Pankiewicz
born in Sambor (Sambir) on November 21, – died in Kraków on November 5,
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Tadeusz Pankiewicz worked in the Apteka pod Orłem (Eagle Pharmacy) in the Kraków area of Podgόrze from on. In March the German occupiers converted the neighborhood into a ghetto. Non-Jewish people were not permitted to enter. Pankiewicz bribed the authorities so that he could continue running his business. He observed violent attacks on Jews on the central square outside the pharmacy. Up to the ghetto’s clearance in March , Pankiewicz and his co-workers supported Jews, even though this was banned and punishable by death sentence. They not only provided medical help, but also passed on messages between ghetto inmates and their relatives hiding outside the ghetto. The pharmacy staff obtained forged documents for persecuted Jews, secretly exchanged ghetto inmates’ valuables for food, passed on information, and gave consolation. During the raids in the ghetto and deportations to extermination camps, Pankiewicz hid Jews in the pharmacy.
In Pankiewicz was honored posthumously in Yad Vashem as Righteous Among the Nations.
Tadeusz Pankiewicz with co-workers: (left to right) Irena Droździkowska, Helena Krywaniuk, and Aurelia Danek, Kraków, Source: Zbiory Muzeum Krakowa, FsIX
In front of the pharmacy (from left to right): Marceli Grüner, Helena Krywaniuk, Aurelia Danek-Czort, and Tadeusz Pankiewicz, around Source: Zbiory Muzeum Krakowa, MHK-Fs IX
Pass for Tadeusz Pankiewicz, permitting him to enter and leave the ghetto, Kraków, Source: Krakowskie Muzeum Farmacji
Tadeusz Pankiewicz with a woman he rescued, Irena Halpern-Cynowicz (Cynowiec), Haifa, Source: Zbiory Muzeum Krakowa, MHK-Fs IX
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Tadeusz Pankiewicz
Polish pharmacist and "Righteous Among the Nations"
Main article: Polish Righteous among the Nations
Tadeusz Pankiewicz (November 21, , in Sambor – November 5, , buried in Kraków), was a Polish Roman Catholicpharmacist, operating in the Kraków Ghetto during the Nazi German occupation of Poland. He was recognized as "Righteous Among the Nations" by Yad Vashem on February 10, , for rescuing countless Jews from the Holocaust.
Pankiewicz studied at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. In , he took over the proprietorship of the Under the Eagle Pharmacy founded in by his father Jozef. The pharmacy was situated on Plac Zgody (formerly Mały Rynek square) in Kraków's Podgórze district. Its prewar clientele included both Gentile Poles and Jews.
In the Kraków Ghetto
Under the German occupation of Poland during World War II, Podgórze district was closed off in March as a ghetto for local area Jewry. Within the walls of the Kraków Ghetto, there were four prewar pharmacies owned by non-Jews. Pankiewicz was the only proprietor to decline the German offer of relocating to the gentile (non-Jewish) side of the city. He was given permission to continue operating his establishment as the only pharmacy in the Ghetto, and reside on the premises. His staff were given passage permits to enter and exit the ghetto for work.
The often-scarce medications and pharmaceutical products supplied to the ghetto's residents, often free of charge, substantially improved their quality of life. In effect, apart from health care considerations, they contributed to survival itself. In his published testimonies, Pankiewicz makes particular mention of hair dyes used by those disguising their identities and tranquilizers given to fretful children required to keep silent during Gestapo raids.
The pharmacy became a meeting place for the ghetto's intelligentsia, and a hub of underground activity. Pankiewicz and his staff,
Tadeusz Pankiewicz
Tadeusz Pankiewicz (November 21, , Samborze, Poland - November 5, ), Polish pharmacist in the Kraków Ghetto, a "Righteous Among the Nations" who rescued Jews during the Holocaust.
Early life
Pankiewicz studied at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow. In , he took over the proprietorship of the Apteka Pod Orłem ("Under the Eagle") pharmacy. The shop, situated on Plac Zgody (formerly Mały Rynek, the market square) in Krakow's Podgórze suburb, had been founded in by his father Jozef. Its clientele included both Poles and Jews.
In the Kraków Ghetto
When under the Nazi occupation of Poland in World War II, Podgórze was closed off in March as a ghetto for Krakow Jewry, there were four pharmacies owned by non-Jews within its walls. Pankiewicz was the only one to decline the Germans' offer of relocating to the "Aryan" side of the city. He was given permission to continue operating his establishment and reside on the premises, and his staff were given passage permits to enter and exit the ghetto.
The often-scarce medications and pharmaceutical products supplied to the ghetto's residents, often free of charge, substantially improved their quality of life. In effect, apart from health care considerations, they contributed to survival itself. In his published testimonies, Pankiewicz makes particular mention of hair dyes used by those disguising their identities and tranquilizers given to fretful children required to keep silent during Gestapo raids.
The pharmacy became a meeting place for the ghetto's intelligentsia, and a hub of underground activity. Pankiewicz and his staff, Irena Drozdzikowska, Helena Krywaniuk, and Aurelia Danek, risked their lives to undertake numerous clandestine operations: smuggling food and information, and offering shelter on the premises for Jews facing deportation to the camps.
Post-WWII
On February 10, , Tadeusz Pankiewicz was awarded recognition as a "Righteous Among the Nations" for his wartime act