Ande cunningham biography of abraham

WHY THE DOCUMENTARY HYPOTHESIS IS NOT SCIENTIFIC

The word "Pentateuch" refers to the first five books of the Hebrew Tanakh, also known as the Torah, or Old Testament, as it is known to Christians. These books are as follows: 1) Genesis, 2) Exodus, 3) Leviticus, 4) Numbers and 5) Deuteronomy. According to Richard Elliot Friedman, biblical scholar and professor of Jewish studies at the University of Georgia: Moses is the major figure through most of these books, and early Jewish and Christian tradition held that Moses himself wrote them, though nowhere in the Five Books of Moses themselves does the text say that he was the author. But the tradition that one person, Moses, alone wrote these books presented problems. People observed contradictions in the text. It would report events in a particular order, and later it would say that those same events happened in a different order. It would say that there were two of something, and elsewhere it would say that there were fourteen of that same thing. It would say that the Moabites did something, and later it would say that it was the Midianites who did it. It would describe Moses as going to a Tabernacle in a chapter before Moses builds the Tabernacle (Richard Elliot: 1997, 17-18).

Because of these alleged contradictions the majority of modern scholars, whether biblical, textual, or historical, no longer regard these books as having been written by Moses, they consider that early and credulous traditions attributed the authorship of these five books to the possibly mythological lawgiver of the Israelites, Moses.

Today the majority of academic scholars accept the theory that the Torah does not have a single author, and that its composition took place over centuries (McDermott: 2002, 21). From the late 19 th century there was a general involve god(s)' intervention. For example, all pharaohs were believed to be "sons of the Sun

Abstract

The covalent attachment of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to therapeutic agents, termed PEGylation, is a well‐established and clinically proven drug delivery approach to improve the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. Specifically, PEGylation can improve the parent drug's solubility, extend its circulation time, and reduce its immunogenicity, with minimal undesirable properties. PEGylation technology has been applied to various therapeutic modalities including small molecules, aptamers, peptides, and proteins, leading to over 30 PEGylated drugs currently used in the clinic and many investigational PEGylated agents under clinical trials. Here, we summarize the diverse types of PEGylation strategies, the key advantages of PEGylated therapeutics over their parent drugs, and the broad applications and impacts of PEGylation in clinical settings. A particular focus has been given to the size, topology, and functionalities of PEG molecules utilized in clinically used PEGylated drugs, as well as those under clinical trials. An additional section has been dedicated to analyzing some representative PEGylated drugs that were discontinued at different stages of clinical studies. Finally, we critically discuss the current challenges faced in the development and clinical translation of PEGylated agents.

Keywords: clinic, clinical translation, clinical trial, drug delivery, FDA, long‐acting drugs, PEGylation, polymer–drug conjugates, protein modification

Translational Impact Statement.

Over the past 30 years, PEGylation has gained immense popularity and has been proven to be a widely applicable strategy for modifying therapeutics to improve pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy. Recent advancements in PEGylation techniques, coupled with the necessity to overcome challenges such as immunogenicity and polydispersity, present exciting opportunities for the development of novel PEGylated therapeutics. This article provides a comprehensive review of the hi

American Founding Father and statesman (1755/1757–1804)

For other uses, see Alexander Hamilton (disambiguation).

Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 during George Washington's presidency.

Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He pursued his education in New York City where, despite his young age, he was a prolific and widely read pam