Richard kohlberger biography

Improving Mental Health Services: A 50-Year Journey from Randomized Experiments to Artificial Intelligence and Precision Mental Health

Abstract

This conceptual paper describes the current state of mental health services, identifies critical problems, and suggests how to solve them. I focus on the potential contributions of artificial intelligence and precision mental health to improving mental health services. Toward that end, I draw upon my own research, which has changed over the last half century, to highlight the need to transform the way we conduct mental health services research. I identify exemplars from the emerging literature on artificial intelligence and precision approaches to treatment in which there is an attempt to personalize or fit the treatment to the client in order to produce more effective interventions.

Keywords: Mental health services, Artificial intelligence, Machine learning, Precision mental health, Randomized clinical trials (RCTs), Precision medicine

In 1963, I was writing my first graduate paper at Columbia University on curing schizophrenia using Sarnoff Mednick’s learning theory. I was not very modest even as a first-year graduate student! But I was puzzled as to how to develop and evaluate a cure. Then, as now, the predominant research design was the randomized experiment or randomized clinical trial (RCT). It was clear that simply describing, let alone manipulating, the relevant characteristics of this one disorder and promising treatments would require hundreds of variables. Developing an effective treatment would take what seemed to me an incalculable number of randomized trials. How could we complete all the randomized experiments needed? How many different outcomes should we measure? How could we learn to improve treatment? How should we consider individual differences in these group comparisons? I am sure I was not insightful enough to think of all these questions back then, but I know I felt frustrated and stymied by

  • Richard Kohlberger, 1882 - 1950

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    Jeffrey Dean

    I joined Google in mid-1999, and I'm currently Google's Chief Scientist, focusing on AI advances for Google DeepMind and Google Research. My areas of focus include machine learning and AI and applications of AI to problems that help billions of people in societally beneficial ways. I have a broad variety of interests, including machine learning, large-scale distributed systems, computer systems performance, compression techniques, information retrieval, application of machine learning to search and other related problems, microprocessor architecture, compiler optimizations, and the development of new products that organize information in new and interesting ways. My Google Scholar pagehas a complete list of research papers I have co-authored.

    In 2011, I co-founded the Google Brain project/team, focused on making progress towards intelligent machines. Since then, my individual work has focused on research, systems and applications for AI and ML, as well as steering the direction of our broader AI/ML and computer science research community. For the past few years, I’ve had the great pleasure to write a blog post early each year summarizing many pieces of the public work done by amazing colleagues and researchers over the previous year in our research teams (despite the similar-sounding titles, these annual blog posts are each quite different!).

    A (possibly out of date) resume is here.

    Some of the areas I’ve worked on in AI and ML (generally with many collaborators!) include:

    • Research leadership. Steering the research directions of the Google Brain team, Google Research, and now Google DeepMind (with many others!). See year-end blog post links above for more details about this, which includes advances in things like the Transformer architecture, machine learning systems (DistBelief, TensorFlow, Pathways), TPUs, the Inception model, word2vec, seq2seq models, neural machine translation, distillation, neural architecture search/AutoML, RankBrai

    .

  • Biography. Richard Kohlberger practices general