Friedlieb runge biography of donald
Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge (1794 - 1867)
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Profile last modified | Created 8 Feb 2019
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Biography
Friedlieb Runge is Notable.
"The Godfather of Caffeine" If you are among the two-thirds of Americans who count on a cup of coffee each morning for an awakening jolt, you can raise a cup to Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge, the German chemist celebrated in Friday’s Google Doodle on his 225th birthday. After being handed a bag of coffee beans from none other than the great German writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Runge isolated the eye-widening, heart-pumping drug we know as caffeine. As if discovering the fuel of the modern workforce wasn’t enough, Runge was among the first scientists to isolate quinine, one of the earliest treatments for malaria. He also developed a technique to dye clothes, discovered the dye known as aniline blue, invented a system to extract sugar from beet juice, and was the father of a critical tool in analytical chemistry, paper chromatography. Runge was born in the Billwerder quarter of Hamburg, Germany, on February 8, 1794, as the third child of a pastor. His family initially could only afford to send him to elementary school, but he began working as an apprentice at his uncle’s pharmacy at the age of 16, where he started to experiment with chemistry. One of his earliest findings was that the extract of the belladonna plant, also known as deadly nightshade, could dilate pupils. He discovered this when he accidentally splashed some in his eye, and in true scientist form, he took notes. Ullstein Bild/Getty Images A decade later, he demonstrated this effect for Goethe, although this time, he used a cat. Runge explained that he used the extract to treat partial blindness in a soldier. In his book, he recounted that this demonstration so impressed the legendary philosopher and diplomat that “he handed me a carton of coffee beans, which a Greek had sent him as a delicacy. ‘You can also use these in your investigations,’ said Goethe. He was right; for soon thereafter I discovered t Coffee from a plantation in Brazil (Photo by Fernando Rebelo/Creative Commons) Perhaps it would have been more apt for the man who discovered caffeine to call out "Arabica!" instead of "Eureka!" More than 200 years ago the German physician Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge first isolated and purified the white powder of the chemical we call caffeine. In 1819 Johann Wolfgang von Goethe gave Runge a box of Arabian mocha beans and asked him to analyze them. Caffeine eventually was isolated from 62 other plant species, including tea, cocoa nuts and yerba mate. This was not the first time caffeine was used. Far from it. Humans have been ingesting food and beverages containing caffeine since prehistoric times. In fact, there is a legend from China that says in 2737 B.C. the emperor Shen Nung was served a cup of hot water into which tea leaves fell. The practice of brewing tea spread and caught on around the world. National Geographic explains the history of caffeine. At some point scientists quit fooling around with alchemy and started seriously studying real chemistry. Runge first came to Goethe's attention when he learned Runge was working on experiments involving belladonna extract. A Web page on the University of Bristol's site tells the following account[1], written by Simon Tilling, of Goethe and Runge: Goethe was one of the world's greatest poets, and Europe's first great literary celebrity. In his later years, Goethe turned his considerable intellect to the sciences, studying, amongst other things, pharmacy, chemistry and botany. At the time, Runge was studying under the chemist Doebereiner (1780-1849), who was greatly admired by Goethe; it was through the friendship and mutual admiration of these two great men that Runge was invited to visit. Goethe was shown the results of the young scientist's investigations into belladonna extract, and, suitably impressed, presented Runge with a s
From Wikipedia: Friedlieb (or Friedlob, occasionally misnamed as Friedrich) Ferdinand Runge (8 February 1794 – 25 March 1867) was a German analytical chemist. Runge identified the mydriatic (pupil dilating) effects of belladonna (deadly nightshade) extract, identified caffeine, and discovered the first coal tar dye (aniline blue).
Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge was born near Hamburg on 8 February 1794. From a young age, Runge conducted chemical experiments, serendipitously identifying the mydriatic (pupil dilating) effects of belladonna (deadly nightshade) extract.
In 1819, Runge was invited to show Goethe how belladonna caused dilation of the pupil, which Runge did, using a cat as an experimental subject. Goethe was so impressed with the demonstration that:
"Nachdem Goethe mir seine größte Zufriedenheit sowol über die Erzählung des durch scheinbaren schwarzen Staar Geretteten, wie auch über das andere ausgesprochen, übergab er mir noch eine Schachtel mit Kaffeebohnen, die ein Grieche ihm als etwas Vorzügliches gesandt. "Auch diese können sie zu Ihren Untersuchungen brauchen," sagte Goethe. Er hatte recht; denn bald darauf entdeckte ich darin das, wegen seines großen Stickstoffgehaltes so berühmt gewordene Coffein." Translated to: "After Goethe had expressed to me his greatest satisfaction regarding the account of the man [whom I'd] rescued [from serving in Napoleon's army] by apparent "black star" [i.e., amaurosis, blindness] as well as the other, he handed me a carton of coffee beans, which a Greek had se Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge was the first scientist to isolate caffeine
Who Discovered Caffeine?
Poet and scientist collaborate
Google honours German chemist Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge who identified caffeine
In the doodle, Runge can be seen taking a sip of coffee with a wide-eyed cat sitting beside him. The chemical formula of caffeine — C8H10N4O2 is also incorporated in the doodle.
He identified the mydriatic (pupil dilating) effects of belladonna (deadly nightshade) extract, using a cat as an experimental subject.
Rightfully so, Google honoured Runge's finding by including his experimental cat in the doodle.
In 1819, Runge demonstrated his finding to Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, a German writer and statesman, who encouraged him to analyse coffee. A few months later, Runge identified caffeine.
He was responsible for inventing the first coal tar dye and a process related to the process of clothes dyeing.
He is also considered to be the originator of the widely used analytic technique of paper chromatography.
In personal life, Runge obtained his doctorate from Jena and Berlin and went on to teach chemistry at the University of Breslau.
He also worked for a chemical company later on in his career.