Zahiruddin muhammad babur biography of william

Rzehak, Kristina. "10. Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur: بابر نامه (First Third of 10th/16th Century until 935/1529) [Baburnama, ‘Babur’s Book’]". Handbook of Autobiography / Autofiction, edited by Martina Wagner-Egelhaaf, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2019, pp. 1410-1424. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110279818-121

Rzehak, K. (2019). 10. Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur: بابر نامه (First Third of 10th/16th Century until 935/1529) [Baburnama, ‘Babur’s Book’]. In M. Wagner-Egelhaaf (Ed.), Handbook of Autobiography / Autofiction (pp. 1410-1424). Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110279818-121

Rzehak, K. 2019. 10. Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur: بابر نامه (First Third of 10th/16th Century until 935/1529) [Baburnama, ‘Babur’s Book’]. In: Wagner-Egelhaaf, M. ed. Handbook of Autobiography / Autofiction. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 1410-1424. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110279818-121

Rzehak, Kristina. "10. Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur: بابر نامه (First Third of 10th/16th Century until 935/1529) [Baburnama, ‘Babur’s Book’]" In Handbook of Autobiography / Autofiction edited by Martina Wagner-Egelhaaf, 1410-1424. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110279818-121

Rzehak K. 10. Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur: بابر نامه (First Third of 10th/16th Century until 935/1529) [Baburnama, ‘Babur’s Book’]. In: Wagner-Egelhaaf M (ed.) Handbook of Autobiography / Autofiction. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter; 2019. p.1410-1424. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110279818-121

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Mughal emperor from 1526 to 1530

This article is about the first Mughal Emperor. For the male given name, see Babar. For the amphipod crustacean, see Babr. For other uses, see Babur (disambiguation).

Babur (Persian:[bɑː.βuɾ]; 14 February 1483 – 26 December 1530; born Zahīr ud-Dīn Muhammad) was the founder of the Mughal Empire in the Indian subcontinent. He was a descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan through his father and mother respectively. He was also given the posthumous name of Firdaws Makani ('Dwelling in Paradise').

Born in Andijan in the Fergana Valley (now in Uzbekistan), Babur was the eldest son of Umar Shaikh Mirza II (1456–1494, governor of Fergana from 1469 to 1494) and a great-great-great-grandson of Timur (1336–1405). Babur ascended the throne of Fergana in its capital Akhsikath in 1494 at the age of twelve and faced rebellion. He conquered Samarkand two years later, only to lose Fergana soon after. In his attempt to reconquer Fergana, he lost control of Samarkand. In 1501, his attempt to recapture both the regions failed when the Uzbek prince Muhammad Shaybani defeated him and founded the Khanate of Bukhara.

In 1504, he conquered Kabul, which was under the putative rule of Abdur Razaq Mirza, the infant heir of Ulugh Beg II. Babur formed a partnership with the Safavid emperorIsmail I and reconquered parts of Turkestan, including Samarkand, only to again lose it and the other newly conquered lands to the Shaybanids.

After losing Samarkand for the third time, Babur turned his attention to India and employed aid from the neighbouring Safavid and Ottoman empires. He defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the Sultan of Delhi, at the First Battle of Panipat in 1526 and founded the Mughal Empire. Before the defeat of Lodi at Delhi, the Sultanate of Delhi had been a spent force, long in a state of decline.

The rival adjacent Kingdom of Mewar under the rule of Ran

Memoirs of Zahir-ud-Din Muhammad Babur, founder of the Mughal Empire

The Bāburnāma (Chagatay: وياقع, romanized: Vayaqıʿ, lit. 'The Events';Persian: بابر‌نامه, romanized: Bāburnāma, lit. 'History of Babur') is the memoirs of Ẓahīr-ud-Dīn Muhammad Bābur (1483–1530), founder of the Mughal Empire and a great-great-great-grandson of Timur. It is written in the Chagatai language, known to Babur as Türki "Turkic", the spoken language of the Timurids.

During the reign of his grandson, the emperor Akbar, the work was translated into Classical Persian, the literary language of the Mughal court, by a courtier, Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khanan, in 1589–90 CE (AH 998).

Babur was an educated Timurid prince, and his observations and comments in his memoirs reflect an interest in nature, society, politics and economics. His vivid account of events covers not just his own life, but the history and geography of the areas he lived in as well as the people with whom he came into contact. The book covers topics as diverse as astronomy, geography, statecraft, military matters, weapons and battles, plants and animals, biographies and family chronicles, courtiers and artists, poetry, music and paintings, wine parties, historical monument tours, as well as contemplations on human nature.

Though Babur himself does not seem to have commissioned any illustrated versions, his grandson ordered their production as soon as he was presented with the finished Persian translation in November 1589. The first of four illustrated copies made under Akbar over the following decade or so was broken up for sale in 1913. Some 70 miniatures are dispersed among various collections, with 20 in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. The three other versions, partly copied from the first, are in the National Museum, New Delhi (almost complete, dated 1597–98), the British Library (143 out of an origina

As the list of the sources for the Akbarnama shows, our informants wrote their accounts under the following genres: tarikh, a word referring to annals, history, or chronological narrative; tazkira, written in the form of biographies and memoirs; namah, included biographies and exemplary accounts, aside from histories, epistles, and accounts of exemplary deeds; qanun, written in the mode of normative accounts or legal texts; and waqi‘at meaning a narrative of happenings, events, and occurrences. Interestingly, the genre title that Gulbadan chose was different from all of these: it was Ahwal, a word meaning conditions, state, circumstances, or situations.

Let us begin with the question: what are the records that make up the accepted archive for early Mughal India? For Babur and his period, his autobiography, the Baburnama, and the Tarikh-i Rashidi composed in 1545-46 by his cousin, Mirza Muhammad Haydar Dughlat, remain the most popular texts for scholars. Muhammad Haydar Dughlat spent most of his career in Kabul. He was in close contact with Babur during this period, and his work is valuable as it highlights the political-cultural intricacies of those parts of central Asia and Afghanistan that Babur was dealing with at the time.

Let us first begin with Baburnama. Also known as Waqā’i‘ or Tuzuk-i Baburi, it was initially compiled as a diary by Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur in Chaghtai Turki from where it was translated in Persian by ‘Abdur Rahim Khan-i Khanan during the reign of Akbar.

The Chaghtai Turki text has been edited by A.S Beveridge in 1905and then by Eiji Mano (Kyoto) in 1995. Mano collated four Turki texts, and his edition is one of the most accurate editions. The Persian text (Khan-i Khanan’s tr.) has been edited from Bombay in 1890.

The Chaghtai Turkish was spoken in Central Asia which at that time was dominated by the Chagtai Mongols. It is designated as Chaghtai Turkish to differentiate it from the Turkish spoken in Ana